Why Backend and DevOps Roles May Become One in the Future | HackerNoon

How to Put GitHub on Resume in 2023: Complete Guide & Tips

Job​

prone to errors

backend engineer infrastructure

Vocabulary:

• experienced

• precedence

• promiscuous

• reimburse

• homogenous

• monotonous

• snoop

Terminology​

Arithmetic

Tech Vocabulary​

• trivial program
• trial program
• experienced engineer
• division and multiplication take precedence

Mathematics Vocabulary​

• associative
• commutative a × b = b × a a + b = b + a a ^ b = b ^ a
• division /: divide %: mod dividend / divisor = quotient dividend % divisor = remainder dividend / divisor = (quotient) R (remainder) : dividend divided by the divisor has a quotient and a remainder 5 / 3 = 1 R 2: 5 divided by 3 has a quotient of 1 and a remainder of 2

Here's a category of topics commonly used in backend software engineering:​

Backend software engineering interviews often cover a broad range of topics, including data structures, algorithms, system design, database management, networking, and more. Here's a categorization of some common terms and topics:

1. Data Structures:

   • Arrays
   • Linked Lists
   • Stacks
   • Queues
   • Trees (Binary Trees, Binary Search Trees, AVL Trees, Red-Black Trees, etc.)
   • Graphs
   • Hash Tables
   • Heaps

2. Algorithms:

   • Searching algorithms (Binary search, Linear search, Depth-first search, Breadth-first search)
   • Sorting algorithms (Quick sort, Merge sort, Bubble sort, Insertion sort)
   • Dynamic programming
   • Greedy algorithms
   • Recursion
   • Graph algorithms (Shortest path algorithms like Dijkstra's, Minimum Spanning Tree algorithms like Prim's and Kruskal's, etc.)

3. Database Management:

   • Relational databases (SQL)
   • Non-relational databases (NoSQL)
   • ACID properties, transactions, and concurrency control
   • Indexing, normalization and denormalization
   • Query optimization and performance tuning
   • Database Migration

4. Architectural:

   • Microservices

5. Security::

   • Authentication and authorization
   • Encryption
   • Man-in-the-middle attacks

6. System Design:

   • Scalability
   • Load balancing
   • Caching strategies
   • Database sharding
   • Replication and fault tolerance
   • Microservices architecture
   • API design
   • Message queues and asynchronous processing
   • Proxy servers

7. Server:

   • HTTP protocol, RESTful APIs
   • Web server concepts (e.g., Nginx, Apache)
   • Authentication and authorization (e.g., OAuth, JWT)
   • Session management and cookies
   • Web security best practices (e.g., SQL injection, XSS)
   • ORM
     • active record
     • data mapper

8. Concurrency and Parallelism:

   • Multi-threading and synchronization
   • Locking mechanisms (e.g., mutexes, semaphores)
   • Concurrent data structures (e.g., concurrent hash maps, queues)
   • Parallel processing frameworks (e.g., MapReduce)

9. Programming Languages and Frameworks:

   • Proficiency in at least one backend programming language (e.g., Java, Python, Go, Node.js)
   • Frameworks and libraries commonly used in backend development (e.g., Spring, Django, Express.js)
   • Understanding of asynchronous programming and event-driven architectures

10. Python:

    • Data Structure
      • list
        • append(v), pop(): O(1)
        • insert(0, v), pop(0): O(n)
      • dict
      • dequeue
        • append(v), pop(): O(1)
        • appendleft(v)=insert(0, v), popleft()=pop(0): O(1)
    • Typing
    • Interactive shells
      • rich
      • IPython
      • bpython
      • ptpython

11. DevOps:

    • Cloud platforms (e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform)
    • CI/CD pipelines
    • Containerization (e.g., Docker, Kubernetes)
      • Docker
        • Dev container
    • Monitoring and logging solutions (e.g., Prometheus, ELK stack)

12. Testing:

    • Unit testing
    • Integration testing
    • End-to-end testing

13. Debugging:

    • Debugging techniques and tools (e.g., logging, debugginggers)
    • Performance profiling and optimization

14. Software Development Practices:

    • Version control systems (e.g., Git)
    • Continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD)
    • Agile methodologies (e.g., Scrum, Kanban)
    • Code review processes and best practices

15. Cloud Computing and DevOps:

    • Cloud platforms (e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform)
    • Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools (e.g., Terraform, CloudFormation)
    • Containerization (e.g., Docker, Kubernetes)
    • Monitoring and logging solutions (e.g., Prometheus, ELK stack)

16. Other Topics:

    • Design patterns (e.g., singleton, factory, observer)
    • Object-oriented design principles
    • Memory management and garbage collection
    • Networking concepts (e.g., TCP/IP, DNS)

17. Soft Skills:

    • Collaboration
    • Problem-solving
    • Communication skills
    • Teamwork

Preparation in these areas can significantly enhance your performance in backend software engineering interviews.

Tech interview​

https://www.techinterviewhandbook.org/

back-end developer interview questions and answers​

https://www.turing.com/interview-questions/back-end

https://www.interviewkickstart.com/interview-questions/back-end-developer-interview-questions

https://blog.hubspot.com/website/backend-interview-questions

Is C good choice of language for the interview?​

https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/536401/is-c-good-choice-of-language-to-have-a-technical-interview

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/c-vs-cjavapython-interviews-tushar-dwivedi

Moving company​

• Finding a cheap yet reliable shipping or moving company can be challenging.
• Moving from Hong Kong to Canada: Any Recommendations for the Best Affordable Moving Company?

relocation from Hong Kong to Canada removals to Canada Organization and a good moving plan are indispensable parts of every move

https://www.transworldrelocation.com/zh-hk/services https://www.sevenseasworldwide.com/ https://www.crownrelo.com/hong-kong/zh-hk/get-a-quote

GPT 3.5 vs GPT 4.0​

3.5 is used for general purpose, creating an essay. 4.0 is more analytical and more logical and more precise.

I use 3.5 to create general letters, essays, posts, etc. 4.0 is more for deeper questions & outputs.

3.5 is much faster than 4.0.

In-Depth Comparison: GPT-4 vs GPT-3.5 – KanariesDiscord

foremost

C is a good language to learn for a career.

. It is a foundational/primitive language that is still widely used in areas such as operating system, compiler/interpreter and low-level libraries.

Thanks for listening to my rant.

Ben Hoyt’s Resume/CV

Tech​

https://youtube.com/clip/UgkxedRh7NJJliritCfi-oVUzunSBZavWahd?si=x2W5qQvvHp_IvrR1

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52429984/docker-compose-build-environment-variable

use case: because the frontend applications now always are needed to build into the page app or static page app then run on the client side, if you want to use env variables to customize the app for different usage such as a different server address for dev and prod use, you can only use the env variables in the building stage. for quick spinning up the app, you shouldn't invoke building when every time running

Travel mugs for dishwasher safer​

But there is nothing that will bring you down off the high of a good meal faster than seeing the dishes stacked up in your sink. If you have a dishwasher in that moment, it can be your saving grace, but it can not do it all.

A sink full of plates and glasses can get loaded into the standard dishwasher and come out looking spotless. However, there are still plenty of items that you should be washing by hand. Cast iron or non stick pans can get ruined in dishwashers, wooden spoons can warp and crack, and knives can be damaged and dull.

Insulted travel mug​

Also on the list is your favorite insulted travel mug.

The reason for this, according to Report, is that the hight water pressure and extreme heat cycles can damage their precious vacuum seal -- and if the seal is damaged, your favorite travel mug will lose its insulting properties.

Stainless steel mug​

The Contigo Travel Mug User Guide states the following:

• Lid and any UNPAINTED stainless steel body are top-rack dishwasher safe. HAND-WASH ONLY any PAINTED stainless steel body.

longevity

FAQs​

Is the dishwashing powder safe for the travel mug?​

Why You Shouldn't Put Travel Mugs In The Dishwasher

Docker compose for development and production​

Understanding the nuances between development (dev) and production (prod) environments is crucial for efficient operations:

1. Database Infrastructure:

   • In development, engineers typically rely on local MySQL or MongoDB instances. However, for production-grade reliability and scalability, businesses often leverage managed database services provided by leading cloud platforms. As a result, the configuration of environment variables for database connections varies between the two environments.

2. Resource Allocation:

   • Development machines typically possess limited computing resources compared to production servers. Consequently, it's essential to optimize resource allocation during development by minimizing unnecessary services or configurations. This ensures efficient performance and cost-effectiveness.

3. Building Strategies:

   • During development, engineers build and run Docker images locally to streamline the development process. Conversely, for production, a structured approach is adopted. This involves building and publishing images through Continuous Integration (CI) pipelines. Subsequently, the pre-built images are pulled from a registry for execution in the production environment.

Given these considerations, a one-size-fits-all approach, such as simply overriding configurations from a base Docker Compose file, may not suffice to address the unique requirements of each environment.

In summary, while Docker Compose serves as a valuable tool for local development and testing, its utility in production deployment may be limited. To meet the evolving needs of a growing application, businesses are encouraged to explore advanced deployment solutions, such as cloud-based Kubernetes pods, for scalable and resilient operations.

Docker Compose best practices for dev and prod | Hacker News

Deploying a local Docker compose project for production​

one common way to do it without CD/CI pipeline, is to:

1. build development images by using different/override docker-compose files and use .env that can be adapted for every environment.
2. push stable images to a container registry
3. docker pull the images on the prod.
4. run the containers

Reddit - Dive into anything

How to automate deployment from development to production using Docker Compose​

Organizing development and production configurations in Docker Compose can be achieved using various strategies, and the choice depends on your specific requirements and preferences. Here are two common approaches:

1. Using Two Docker Compose Files:

   • Development: Create a docker-compose.yml file tailored for development purposes. This file can include options for volumes, environment variables, ports, and other settings that facilitate the development workflow, such as live code reloading.
   • Production: Create a separate docker-compose.prod.yml file for production settings. This file should include configurations optimized for production, such as specifying production-ready images and environment variables suited for the production environment.

   To deploy in production, you can use the -f flag to specify the production Docker Compose file:

   docker-compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d
   

   This approach offers clear separation between development and production configurations and makes it easier to manage different settings for each environment.

2. Using Different Environment Files:

   • Maintain a single Docker Compose file (docker-compose.yml) that defines the services and their basic configurations.
   • Use different environment files for development (docker-compose.override.yml) and production (docker-compose.prod.yml). These environment files can override configurations defined in the base docker-compose.yml.
   • In the development environment file, you can specify volumes, environment variables for development-specific settings, and other configurations suited for development.
   • In the production environment file, you can specify production-ready image versions, environment variables for production, and any other configurations optimized for the production environment.

   To run in development:

   docker-compose up -d
   

   To run in production:

   docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d
   

   This approach keeps all configurations in a single Docker Compose file, with environment-specific settings separated into different files. It provides flexibility and simplifies deployment by allowing you to specify the environment at runtime.

Both approaches have their merits, and the choice depends on factors such as the complexity of your project, team preferences, and deployment workflows. Whichever approach you choose, ensure that your configurations are well-organized, easy to maintain, and provide the necessary flexibility for both development and production environments.

Setting up CI/CD with Docker Compose​

Main features when writing in Word​

Basic features to learn in using Word:

1. TOC
2. Number the headings and subheadings:
3. create new Multilevel List for heading 1, heading 2, heading 3, etc.
4. MS Word: How-to use heading styles and automated numbering - YouTube

PDF vs Word​

PDF: Fixed layout, non-editable. Word: Editable, variable layout.

PDF vs JPEG image​

Indeed, PDF is primarily optimized for text-based content with vector graphics, while images, particularly in formats like JPEG, excel at representing complex visual content like photographs or intricate illustrations. If the content is highly visual or complex, using an image format like JPEG may be more appropriate, even if it results in a larger file size.

Which is more efficient to store text? PDF or JPEG?​

In terms of file size efficiency, PDF is generally smaller as it stores text as vector data or text macros, whereas JPEG stores text as pixels. So, for the same text on the same layout, a PDF would typically be smaller in file size compared to a JPEG image.

Layout view​

In a layout view, from large to small:

• Window: A graphical area on a screen that displays content or user interface elements. It can contain one or more panes, panels, or tabs, depending on the application's design.

• Pane: A division within a window that separates and displays different sections of content. Panes can be resizable and can contain various elements such as panels, tabs, or other UI components.

• Panel: A specific area within a pane that typically contains controls, information, or tools related to a particular aspect of the application or document being viewed.

• Tab: A navigational element often used to switch between multiple documents, views, or sections within a single window. Each tab typically represents a separate content area or document within the same window.

Other terms related to layout views might include:

• Frame: A designated area within a window or pane where content can be displayed or arranged.
• Viewport: The visible area of a document or interface within a window or pane, especially when the content is larger than the available display space.

[Window]
   |
   |--[Pane]
   |    |
   |    |--[Panel]
   |    :
   |    
   |--[Pane]
   |    |
   |    |--[Panel]
   |    |
   |    |--[Panel]
   |         |
   |         |--[Tab]
   |         |
   |         |--[Tab]
   |         :
   :

iPhone Photo Backup in External Storage & macOS Photos App Management​

Backup photos into macOS Photos Library in external storage, while you can manage the macOS Photos Library

Here is how I streamline photo management in my iphone:

1. Prepare your storage device: it's recommended to format the storage device for Mac: APFS format.
2. Create Photos Library on External SSD: a Photos Library folder contains all data needed to manage the photos
3. Move photos in iphone by the macOS Photos app: These photos will be backup to the Photos Library on External SSD

Move your Photos library to save space on your Mac - Apple Support

Backup Photo into NAS​

1. Setup a home NAS.
2. Upload your original photos from iPhone to a NAS folder.
3. A background sync application will organize these photos into separate folders based on years/months.
4. The app can read metadata in photos.
5. The app can copy full data in photos.
6. The app can skip copying if finding same file.
7. The app can keep the photo file created/modified timestamp.

Cylinder-Head-Sector (CHS)​

Cylinder, head, and sector of a hard drive

Check S.M.A.R.T. information of a disk in macOS​

brew install smartmontools

smartctl -a disk0s3

Repair storage drive in Windows​

Repairing an storage drive in PowerShell usually involves checking and repairing its file system. PowerShell provides cmdlets for performing file system checks and repairs. Here's a basic approach to repair an external drive using PowerShell:

1. Check Disk for Errors: Use the Repair-Volume cmdlet to check the external drive for errors. This cmdlet scans the file system and fixes any issues it finds.

Repair-Volume -DriveLetter E

Replace E with the drive letter of your external drive.

2. Check File System Integrity: You can also use chkdsk (Check Disk) command-line tool via PowerShell to check and repair file system errors. Run the following command:

chkdsk /f /r /x E:

Replace E: with the drive letter of your external drive.

• /f: Fixes errors on the disk.
• /r: Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information.
• /x: Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.

Please note that repairing an external drive could result in data loss, so it's recommended to back up important data before proceeding. Additionally, you might need to run PowerShell with administrative privileges (Run as administrator) for these commands to work properly.

What are bad sectors in the disk?​

Bad sectors, also known as bad blocks, are sections on a disk drive that are physically damaged or unable to reliably store data. They can occur on various types of storage media, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), USB drives, SD cards, and more.

There are two types of bad sectors:

1. Logical Bad Blocks: Logical bad blocks occur due to software issues or file system errors. These blocks may become inaccessible or unusable due to file system corruption, improper shutdowns, or other software-related issues. Running disk repair tools or performing file system checks can often resolve logical bad blocks.

2. Physical Bad Blocks: Physical bad blocks are caused by physical damage to the disk surface or storage medium. These blocks cannot reliably store data and may lead to data loss or corruption. Physical bad blocks may occur due to factors such as manufacturing defects, wear and tear over time, exposure to environmental factors like heat or moisture, or physical shocks.

It's important to address bad blocks on a disk drive as they can lead to data loss, system instability, or hardware failure. Regularly scanning for and repairing bad blocks, as well as maintaining up-to-date backups of important data, can help mitigate the risks associated with disk drive issues.

How to repair bad sectors?​

Bad sectors, also known as bad blocks, are sections of a disk drive's surface that are physically damaged or malfunctioning. When a sector becomes bad, it may no longer reliably store data, leading to potential data loss or corruption. Repairing bad sectors involves attempting to either recover or mark these problematic sectors to prevent data from being written to them in the future.

There are two main approaches to repairing bad sectors:

1. Recovery: In some cases, data stored in a bad sector can still be recovered. Disk repair tools may attempt to read the data from a bad sector multiple times to recover as much information as possible. If successful, the data can then be relocated to a good sector on the disk.

2. Marking: If data recovery is not possible or if the sector is too damaged to reliably store data, the bad sector can be marked as unusable. This process involves informing the disk's file system that the sector is bad, preventing data from being written to it in the future. The disk's firmware may also remap the bad sector to a spare sector on the disk if available.

It's important to note that while marking bad sectors can prevent further data loss, it does not repair the physical damage to the disk. Over time, additional bad sectors may develop, especially on aging or damaged disk drives. Regularly scanning for and repairing bad sectors, as well as maintaining up-to-date backups of important data, can help mitigate the risks associated with disk drive issues.

Data recovery tools​

Yes, there are several free data recovery tools available that offer similar functionality to EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard. Here are a few options:

1. DMDE:

2. Recuva: Recuva is a popular and user-friendly data recovery tool developed by Piriform (now owned by CCleaner). It can recover deleted files from hard drives, SSDs, USB drives, memory cards, and more. Recuva offers both a free version and a paid version with additional features.

3. PhotoRec: PhotoRec is an open-source data recovery utility that specializes in recovering lost files, including photos, videos, documents, and archives, from a wide range of storage devices. It's available for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

4. TestDisk: TestDisk is a powerful open-source tool for recovering lost partitions and fixing disk-related issues. It works alongside PhotoRec and can help recover lost partitions and repair damaged file systems.

5. Disk Drill: Disk Drill offers a free version that allows you to recover up to 500 MB of data for free. It supports file recovery from various storage devices, including hard drives, SSDs, USB drives, and memory cards. Disk Drill is available for Windows and macOS.

6. Puran File Recovery: Puran File Recovery is a lightweight and easy-to-use data recovery tool that can recover deleted files from hard drives, USB drives, memory cards, and other storage devices. It offers a simple interface and is available for Windows.

These are just a few examples of free data recovery tools available. Each tool has its own set of features, limitations, and compatibility with different storage devices and file systems. It's essential to research and choose the tool that best fits your specific data recovery needs. Additionally, remember to always use data recovery tools with caution and avoid writing new data to the storage device until you've completed the recovery process to minimize the risk of overwriting lost data.

Disk Repair Tools​

Disk Drill​

Disk Drill is a legitimate data recovery application developed by CleverFiles. It's widely used and has generally positive reviews from users and technology publications. The application is known for its ease of use and effectiveness in recovering deleted files from various storage devices such as hard drives, USB drives, memory cards, and more.

However, it's essential to download Disk Drill from the official CleverFiles website or reputable app stores to ensure that you're getting the legitimate version of the software. Like any software, there's always a risk of downloading from unofficial sources, which may lead to malware or other security issues.

Always be cautious when downloading and installing software, and ensure that you're using a reputable source to obtain the application. Additionally, it's advisable to read user reviews and research the software before downloading to ensure that it meets your needs and is trustworthy.

DiskGenius​

DiskGenius is a reputable disk management and data recovery software developed by Eassos Ltd. It offers a wide range of features, including partition management, data backup, data recovery, disk cloning, and more.

DiskGenius has generally positive reviews from users and technology publications, and it's known for its effectiveness in recovering lost or deleted files, repairing disk errors, and managing disk partitions.

However, like any software, its reliability can depend on various factors, including the specific use case, the condition of the disk being worked on, and user experience. It's essential to download DiskGenius from the official website or reputable sources to ensure that you're getting the legitimate version of the software.

Before using any data recovery or disk management software, it's a good idea to research user reviews, check for any known issues or limitations, and ensure that the software meets your specific needs. Additionally, always make sure to back up your important data before performing any disk-related operations to prevent data loss.

Resources​

How to Check and Repair Bad Sectors for Hard Drives or USB Drives?

Docker Build Args vs Runtime Env Variables: Optimizing Frontend Deployment​

During the building stage, environment variables are passed as arguments to the Docker image, influencing the build process. Then, during container execution, environment variables are set within the running container, ensuring customization without the need for rebuilding the image each time the application is spun up.

FROM mhart/alpine-node:10
ARG NODE_ENV
ENV NODE_ENV $NODE_ENV
ADD . /app
WORKDIR /app

# install dependencies
COPY app/package.json app/package-lock.json ./
RUN npm install
RUN yarn build

EXPOSE 7000

CMD ["yarn", "start"]

build:
  context: .
  dockerfile: Dockerfile-preprod
  args:
    - NODE_ENV=${NODE_ENV}

The use case is:

For frontend apps, building into either page or static formats is standard, followed by client-side execution. To customize with env variables, like server addresses for dev or prod, they're set during building. Avoiding rebuilding for every runtime spin-up ensures swift deployment.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52429984/docker-compose-build-environment-variable

TOTP application​

TOTP stands for Time-Based One-Time Password. It's a form of two-factor authentication that generates a unique, temporary password that is used along with a regular password for added security. TOTP codes are usually generated by mobile apps or hardware tokens.

Here's how a TOTP application typically works:

1. Setup: Initially, you'll need to set up two-factor authentication on the service or platform you want to secure. This usually involves enabling TOTP authentication and scanning a QR code or entering a secret key into your TOTP application.

2. Generating Codes: Once set up, the TOTP application (such as Google Authenticator, Authy, or Microsoft Authenticator) will continuously generate new, time-based codes. These codes are typically 6 to 8 digits long and change every 30 seconds or so.

3. Authentication: When logging into the service or platform, you'll be prompted to enter a TOTP code along with your regular password. You'll retrieve the current code from your TOTP application and enter it within the allotted time window.

4. Validation: The service or platform will then validate the code you entered against the expected code generated by their system. If they match, you'll be granted access.

5. Continuous Use: Every time you log in, you'll need to provide a new TOTP code from your application. This adds an extra layer of security because even if someone were to obtain your regular password, they wouldn't be able to access your account without the TOTP code.

Remember, it's important to keep your TOTP application and the device it's installed on secure to prevent unauthorized access to your accounts. Additionally, it's a good idea to have backup methods of authentication in case you lose access to your TOTP application or device. This might include backup codes provided by the service or platform, or alternative authentication methods like SMS or email verification.

TOTP URI scheme​

The text "otpauth://totp" typically serves as a URI scheme used to represent TOTP (Time-Based One-Time Password) parameters in a standardized format. This format is commonly used for sharing TOTP configuration data between applications, such as when setting up two-factor authentication on a new device.

otpauth://totp/Example:alice@example.com?secret=JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP&issuer=Example&algorithm=SHA256&digits=6&period=30

Following "otpauth://totp", there is typically additional information encoded in the URI, including:

1. Label: This identifies what the TOTP code is for, such as the name of the service or account.
2. Issuer (Optional): This specifies the provider or issuer of the TOTP code.
3. Secret: This is a unique secret key used to generate the TOTP codes.
4. Algorithm (Optional): This specifies the algorithm used to generate the codes, usually HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA256, or HMAC-SHA512.
5. Digits (Optional): This specifies the number of digits in the generated TOTP codes, typically 6 or 8.
6. Period (Optional): This specifies the time period (in seconds) for which a TOTP code is valid, usually 30 seconds.
7. Counter (Optional): This is an alternative to the time-based approach, specifying a counter value for generating TOTP codes.

This URI would be interpreted by a TOTP-compatible application to set up a TOTP configuration for an account named "Example" belonging to "alice@example.com". It specifies a secret key, SHA-256 algorithm, 6-digit codes, and a 30-second period.

You can use this URI to easily configure a TOTP application by scanning a QR code or manually entering the information into the app. This helps streamline the setup process for two-factor authentication on various platforms.

How TOTP application generate TOTP codes?​

TOTP application has no need to know the issuer ip address.

The TOTP application just use URI (otpauth://TOTP/...), as the URI contains all the necessary information for the TOTP application to generate TOTP codes.

Here's a simplified explanation of how you can generate TOTP codes based on the shared secret:

1. Convert the secret from base32 encoding: The secret provided in the URI (JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP) is typically base32 encoded. You'll need to decode it to its raw binary form.

2. Determine the current time: TOTP codes are time-based, so you need to determine the current time in the same time unit as specified in the URI (30 seconds in this case). This is typically Unix time (number of seconds since January 1, 1970).

3. Calculate the counter: The counter value is derived from the current time divided by the time period specified in the URI. This represents the number of time steps that have occurred since the TOTP epoch.

4. Hash the counter with the secret: Use the HMAC-SHA algorithm (specified in the URI) to hash the counter value with the shared secret. This produces a hash value.

5. Extract the dynamic truncation offset: TOTP uses a dynamic truncation offset to extract a 4-byte dynamic binary code from the hash. This offset is determined by the last 4 bits of the hash value.

6. Generate the OTP: Take the dynamic binary code and convert it to a numeric code. This is usually done by taking the last 6 or 8 bits of the dynamic code and converting it to a decimal number.

7. Format the OTP: If necessary, format the OTP code to the specified number of digits (6 digits in this case).

Here's an example implementation in Python using the pyotp library:

import time
import base64
import hmac
import hashlib
import struct
import pyotp

uri = "otpauth://totp/Example:alice@example.com?secret=JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP&issuer=Example&algorithm=SHA256&digits=6&period=30"

# Parse URI to extract parameters
params = pyotp.parse_uri(uri)
secret = base64.b32decode(params["secret"])
digits = params["digits"]
period = params["period"]

# Generate TOTP code
epoch = time.time()
counter = int(epoch) // period
counter_bytes = struct.pack(">Q", counter)
hash_value = hmac.new(secret, counter_bytes, hashlib.sha256).digest()
offset = hash_value[-1] & 0x0F
dynamic_code = struct.unpack(">I", hash_value[offset:offset+4])[0] & 0x7FFFFFFF
otp = str(dynamic_code % (10 ** digits)).zfill(digits)

print("TOTP code:", otp)

This code snippet demonstrates a basic TOTP code generation process. However, it's essential to use a trusted library for generating TOTP codes in production scenarios due to security implications. The pyotp library is widely used and reputable for this purpose.